Juan Nakpil

Juan Nakpil is the first National Artist for Architecture.

Works:

Geronimo Reyes Building

Capitol Theatre

Rizal theatre

Manila Jockey Club

Quezon Institue

UP administration building (Quezon Hall)

Library Building (Gonzales Hall)

SSS (use of folded concrete plates as aesthetic features)

Leandro Locsin

Leandro Locsin is the 3rd national artist for architecture.

Works:

The Church of Holy Sacrifice (UP) – 1^st project of L.Locsin

Monterey Apartments, Ayala Avenue

St. Andrew’s Church

Cultural Center of the Philippines (CCP)

Philippine International Convention Center (PICC)

Philippine Pavilion at “1970” World Exposition

Makati Stock Exchange

Philippine Stock Exchange

Philippine Plaza Hotel

Manila International Airport

New Istana, Brunei

The Church of Holy Sacrifice - photo from wikipedia

PICC

Architecture of Philippine Churches:

CALASIAO, Pangasinan

- 2^ND best bell tower

- Roman Dalinao

LAOAG CHURCH, Ilocos Norte

- Sinking bell tower

- Joseph Ruiz

LAS PINAS CHURCH

- Bamboo organ

- Diego Cera

LOBOC, Bohol

- Biggest murals

MANILA CATHEDRAL

- Salazar

MIAGAO CHURCH, Ilo-ilo

- Coconut tree

- Comporedando & Gonzales

MORONG CHURCH, Rizal

- Baroque

- dela madre

PANAY CHURCH

- Largest bell

QUIAPO CHURCH

- Restored by Nakpil & Zaragoza

SAN AGUSTIN CHURCH

- Oldest church

- Macias

SAN SEBASTIAN

- Palacios

TAAL CHURCH, Batangas

- Anton & Oliver

Andres Luna De San Pedro

Andres Luna De San Pedro is the one who popularized the “El Nido” style.

Works:

Legarda Elementary School

Regina Building

Crystal Arcade

Natividad Building

Perez-Samanillo Building

Juan Arellano

Juan Arellano is the most prolific artist-designer. His major work is the Legislative building.

Buildings:

Legislative building

Post Office building

Metropolitan Theatre

Rizal Memorial Stadium

Benitez Hall (UP)

Malcolm Hall (UP)

Tomas Mapua

Tomas Mapua is the first registered architect in the Philippines. He established the first architectural school in the country also known as Mapua Institute of Technology (M.I.T.).

Works

De La Salle School

Centro Escolar University

Nurse’s Home

William Parsons is known for his quite creativity and practical wisdom as Daniel Burnham said. He studied at Yale and where he take his art degree and got his master’s degree in architecture at Columbia University. He is the one who supervise and implement the design plans of Daniel Burnham. He choose William Parsons due to his supreme credentials.

William Parsons Works:

Manila Hotel

Army & Navy Club

Philippine General Hospital

Philippine Normal School

Women’s Dormitory of the Normal School

University Hall of the University of the Philippines (PadreFaura)

YMCA building

Elk’s Club

Manila Club

“Gabaldon” schoolhouse, most visible, 5 prototypes

The Mansion House ( Baguio City)– official summer residence of the President of the Philippines

Manila Hotel - photo from venere.com

Philippine General Hospital -photos from ernie uichanco

Daniel Burnham

Daniel Burnham has part of architecture design in Philippines. He is an American architect and urban designer. He who prepared the development plan of Manila and Baguio also known as summer capital. He paid for a 6 weeks visit in the country.

Here are the list projects he designs in Philippines.

Manila Hotel

Army & Navy Club

Philippine General Hospital

Post Office

Burnham Park

Other Project

Reliance Building, Chicago

Monadnock Building, Chicago

His famous dictums/ design philosophy is “Make no little plans; they have no magic to stir men's blood”.

Hexagon Architects

Hexagon Architects are the group of architect who work with the National Library in Manila.

Hexagon Architects namely

1. Jose Maria Zaragosa

2. Carlos Arguelles

3. Edmundo Lucero

4. Francisco Fajardo

5. Gavino De Leon

6. Vergel de Dios Cezar

DEFINITION OF PLUMBING TERMS

ALLEY - Alley is any public space, public park moroughiare less than three (3) meters but not less than two (2) meters in width which has been dedicated or deeded to the public for public use.
ALTER OR ALTERATION - Alter or alteration is any change, addition or modification in construction or
occupancy. (Change or repair). visit http://philarchreview.blogspot.com/
APPROVED - Approved means accepted or acceptable under an applicable specificationstated or cited in this Code, or accepted as suitable for the proposed use under procedures and powers at the authority.
AUTHORITY - Authority in this Code is mean to be the individual official, board, department or agency established an authorized by the office of the President (R.A. No. 1378) to administer and enforce the provisions of this National Plumbing Codeas adapted or amended. (Prof. Sanitary Engineering) – Plans and specs, (Master Plumber) - Install

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List of Letter of Instruction Related to Architecture

LOI 1000 - Authorizing only Government accredited organization to host & represent the

Filipino professional in international conferences.

LOI 19 - Removing illegal construction of structures along esteros, rivers

LOI 556 - Government program for low cost housing

LOI 557 - Slum Improvement Policy

LOI 624 - Creation of Plan Enforcement and Regulation Center

LOI 511 - Creating Coordinating Council for town planning, housing & zoning, developing

local housing & town planning outside Metro Manila.

Vertical Transportation for Building Structure

In the design of a multi-storey building, much thought should be given to the type of vertical transportation, number of units needed and their location, arrangement and design. Vertical circulation of traffic may pass from level in a high rise building by elevators, escalators, dumbwaiters, Stairs, Ramps and Conveyors. Stairs for use when power is shut off, or when there is mechanical failure always supplements the powered equipment unit, or maintenance work is in process or in emergencies.

RAMPS

Ramps are sloping surface that can be used to provide an easy connection from floor to floor especially when large numbers of people or vehicles are moving from time to time. Ramps are adopted for buildings, such as stadiums, railroad stations, exhibition halls, garage buildings, etc. it is generally built with slopes up to 15% (15 feet in 100 feet) but 10% is preferred. With 10% slope and a storey height of 12 feet a ramp connecting two floors would have to be 120 feet long. It can be curved, zigzagged, u-shaped or spiraled and bin all cases should be constructed with a non-slip surface.

STAIRS

A stair is a series of flight of steps connected by landings, for passing from one level to another. They may be constructed of wood, concrete or steel.

The minimum width of stair shall be .90 (900mm) for occupant load of 50 or less and shall not be less than 1.10 (1100mm) for more than 50 occupants load. The rise of every step in a stairway shall not be less than .25 (250mm).

A series of steps without an intervening platform or landing is called a flight.

ELEVATORS

Elevator is equipment for transporting people or things up and down the building. Whether a multi-storey building is used as offices, hotels, hospitals, schools or commercial centers, dependable time saving vertical transportation by elevators has become a prime necessity.

Elevator is a platform or car for hoisting or lowering passengers or freight, attached by cable to a machine that moves it in a shaft through guide rails in vertical direction serving two or more floors of a building.

Two Types of Elevators in general use;

1. Electric elevator

2. Hydraulic Elevator

ELECTRIC ELEVATORS

Electric Elevators are used exclusively in tall building and operated by direct current (dc) motors.

Two Types of Elevator Traction Machine;

1. Gearless Traction Machine

2. Geared Traction Machine

Traction Machine is one in which the motion of the car is obtained by means of fiction between

the traction sheave and the hoisting cable.

List of Batas Pambansa Related to Architecture

BP 220 - Economic and Socialized Housing

BP 344 - Accessibilty Law

BP 4304 - Architecture in the world

BP 3200 - Different Profession in the Philippines

PB 422 - An Act Instituting a Professional Regulatory Code for the practice of different professions in

The Philippines (parliamentary bill)

List of Presidential Decree Related to Architecture

PD 1096 - National Building Code (N.B.C.)

PD 1185 - Fire Code of the Philippines( F.C.P.)

PD 49 - Intellectual Property Law

PD 657 - Allowing foreigners to practice without board examination

PD 1350 - Allowing applicants for citizenship to take board exam pending approval

of their petition

PD 1723 - Architects liability for 15 yrs

PD 757 - National Housing Authority

PD. 957 - Subdivision and Condominium Buyers decree

PD 1216 - Defining Open Space

PD 772 - Anti – squatting Law

PD 223 - Decree creating Professional Regulation Commission (P.R.C.)

PD 1308 - The Law Institutionalize the Environmental Planning Profession (1993)

E.O. 164 - The executive order regulating the hiring of foreign consultants

List of Republic Act related to Architecture

RA 544 - Civil engineering law

RA 545 - Architecture law

RA 546 - Creating bd. of examiners to enforce Ra 545

RA 4566 - Contractors licensing law

RA 876 - Arbitration law

RA 386 - Civil code of the Philippines

RA 1364 - Sanitary Engineering law

RA 1378 - Plumbing Code of the Philippines

RA 184 - Electrical Engineering law

*CA 294 - Mechanical Engineering law (Commonwealth act)

RA 1080 - Making bar & bd. exam equivalent to Ist grade civil service eligibility.

RA 4211 - Permitting under-aged persons to take the board exam on condition that they will

not practice until the required age.

RA 5181 - Requiring residence and reciprocity for the practice of profession by aliens.

RA 6511 - Failure to pay annual registration fees for 5 yrs. by registered professional.

RA 1581 - Architects and engineers terms allowed on firm and partnerships.

RA 6541 - A.k.a. – National Building Code (old)

DEFINITION OF LIGHTING TERMS

ABSORPTANCE - Ratio of the flux absorbed by a medium to the incident flux.
ABSORPTION - General term for the process by which incident flux is dissipated.
ACCENT LIGHT - Directional lighting to emphasize a particular object or draw attention to a part of the field of view. visit http://philarchreview.blogspot.com/
ALTITUDE - Angular distance between the vertical plane containing the sun and the plane of the meridian.
BAFFLE - A single opaque or translucent element to shield a source from direct view at certain angles or to absorb unwanted Light.
BALLAST - Device used with electric discharge lamp to obtain the necessary circuit conditions for starting and operating. visit http://philarchreview.blogspot.com/
BLACK LIGHT - Popular term for ultraviolet energy near the visible spectrum.

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LAMPS

GENERAL LIGHTING SERVICE LAMPS

INCANDESCENT LAMPS – THE WARM LIGHT
• In an enclosed evacuated or gas-filled bulb, electrical current is passed through a tungsten wire so that it glows. Apart from the heat the tungsten wire gives out light, but light accounts only to 5% of its output. As the temperature rises so too does the amount of light produced and the color temperature. Lamp life is reduced however because the wire vaporizes more quickly at high temperatures and gets thinner and thinner till it melts at its weakest point.
• The first carbon filament lamp manages a luminous efficiency of 1.7 lumen per watt. Modern standards have 17 lumens per watt.
• Lamp life has increased up to 1,000 hours.

SHAPES
1. [A-shape] standard lamps
2. [B-shape] candle
3. [Bw-shape] twisted candle
4. [P-shape] pear shapes/ round
5. [E-shape] mushroom
6. [T-shape] tubular
7. [T60]
8. [T45]tubular/ round tip
9. [R-shape] reflector
10. [PAR] wide reflector
11. [G-shape] globe
12. [LIN] linear

SYMBOLS

FR – frosted
CL – classic
SIL – krypton coated or siliconized
SP – spot
NSP – narrow spot
FL – flood
MFL – medium flood
WFL – wide flood]
TV – TV ambience blue light

B. TUNGSTEN-HALOGEN LAMPS

TUNGSTEN-HALOGEN LAMPS – THE POWERFUL COOL LIGHT
• Halogen lamps provide a much luminous intensity than incandescent lamps and a whiter light that makes the colors appear much more vibrant
• Halogen lamps are attractive because it gives surfaces a scintillating (lively) shine and provides an enchanting effect as the spectral colors shimmer in the reflectors.

THE TUNGSTEN-HALOGEN CYCLE
• The glass bulb on a halogen lamp always stays crystal clear because of the halogen filler gas.
• The halogen prevents the vaporized tungsten from being deposited on the inside of the bulb by combining with the vaporized tungsten and making it flow back to the hot filament

NUMEROUS BENEFITS
• Tungsten-halogen lamps make colors vibrant and produce attractive glittering effects
• They remain uniformly bright light throughout their life
• They produce more light and lasts twice longer than the incandescent light
• Halogen lamps have UV-absorbent tubes made of “doped” quartz. UV radiation reduced to 50%
• Life of 2000 hours
• 10 – 25% more light than conventional light bulbs
• Dimmable
• Brilliant white light
• Simple mains operation, no transformer required
• Aluminum coating reflectors reduce thermal load on the luminaire
• Gold plated base pins protects against corrosion

C. COMPACT FLUORESCENT LAMPS
• They give out excellent light, save energy and look great
• Twice as bright as an incandescent lamp
• Lasts 15 times as long as an ordinary light bulb
• Consumes 80% less electricity

COMPACT & ECONOMICAL
• Compact fluorescent lamps work in the same way as fluorescent lamps but take up much less space

D. FLUORESCENT LAMPS
E. DISCHARGE LAMPS
F. SPECIAL LAMPS
G. ELECTRONIC CONTROL GEAR.

CONSTRUCTION MANAGEMENT - PLANNING TECHNIQUES

CONSTRUCTION PRE-PLANNING

Planning

Planning is an art, and the art of planning exist only among human beings.

Planning Functions has Four Different Dimensions namely:

1. Planning is a philosophy

2. Planning is migration

3. Planning is a process

4. Planning is a collection of procedures

The central figure in a project is the PROJECT MANAGER. Project construction management differs much from management of more traditional activities. The main feature in project construction is the Project Manager who oversee a variety of operations that involves repetitive activities and other various activities.

The Project Manager needs to know are:

1. The logical construction sequence that must be followed

2. The quantity and the delivery date’s of various materials to be used

3. How much and what kind of manpower will be needed

4. When to start and complete the job on time

Timetable

The project manager should conduct one or more informal sessions with key personnel assigned to the project such as:

a. The construction superintendent

b. Job buyer

c. Drafting room coordinator

d. Job expediter

The Project Engineer must:

a. Review the timetable thoroughly

b. Raise questions on its overall logic and workability

c. Offer constructive criticism on detailed work functions and interrelated activities

Preliminaries and Site Management

After a contract is awarded, the contractor has to:

1. Determine the key personnel to supervise the work

2. Make provisions for the equipment to be used

3. Determine the location and methods of erecting temporary structures such as:

a. Job offices

b. Storage sheds

c. Workshops

d. Roadway

e. Bank house for workers and facilities

Project undergoes series of stages which includes:

1. Planning

2. Execution of major activities

3. Project phase out

Project construction life cycle requires various requirements such as:

1. The site must be found and boundaries relocated

2. Plan must be drawn

3. Plan must be approved by the owner

4. Building permit must be secured

5. Succession of personnel follows

The main objectives in the preliminaries of organizing a construction job are:

1. To secure the necessary licenses and building permits

2. Prepare a time and progress chart

3. Have an access to the site or a temporary roadway

4. Construction of boarding, fences, and temporary shed

5. Construction of temporary field offices for the staff

6. Arrangement for canteen facilities

7. Cleaning and leveling the site

8. Demolition of existing structures

9. Disposal of materials obtain from the demolition

10. Shoring to adjoining structures

11. Arrangement for temporary water and electric supply

12. Allotment and preparation of storage space for use of contractor and sub-contractor

13. Allotment of space for borrows pits or other sources of fill to be brought in

14. Provision for drains and soak-ways

15. General site problems including any special features